Evidence
What we base this on, and what is still pending
This site offers general education. Each item is labelled with an evidence category so you can see how much weight it carries.
The four categories
- Guideline-supported
- Reflects the direction of established public-health or professional guidance, such as physical activity, tobacco, alcohol, oral hygiene or sun-protection recommendations.
- Supported mainly by observational evidence
- Consistent associations in population studies, where causation is harder to establish — for example social connection, sleep regularity or dietary patterns.
- Evidence limited or still developing
- Plausible and widely discussed, but the research is limited, mixed or early — for example screen-time effects, nature exposure or specific breathing practices.
- Optional preference
- Personal preference or lifestyle choice with little or no supporting outcome evidence — for example oil pulling, tongue scraping, cold showers or a specific weekly plant count.
Evidence register
Areas covered on this site, the general basis used, and current review status.
| Area | General basis | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Physical activity and strength | World Health Organization guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour (2020). | Source verified. Wording reviewed. |
| Tobacco, nicotine and alcohol | World Health Organization guidance on tobacco and on alcohol as a health risk. | Source verified. Wording reviewed. |
| Diet and plant variety | General public-health dietary guidance on vegetables, fruit, pulses and wholegrains. The '30 plants a week' target is a popular campaign figure, not a guideline. | Guideline direction verified. Specific plant-count target labelled optional. |
| Sun protection and vitamin D | National and international dermatology and public-health guidance on UV protection; vitamin D guidance varies by country. | Pending detailed source review. Country-specific vitamin D recommendations not yet cited. |
| Oral health | Established dental guidance on twice-daily brushing, interdental cleaning and routine check-ups. Fluoride guidance and mouthwash use should follow your dentist's advice. | Pending detailed source review for fluoride and mouthwash statements. |
| Sleep and wind-down | Observational evidence on sleep duration and regularity. Supplements such as magnesium, valerian or herbal teas have limited and mixed evidence and can interact with medication. | Pending detailed source review. Supplement statements labelled optional or limited. |
| Social connection | Large observational literature linking social connection with health outcomes; causation is not established. | Absolute claims removed. Pending detailed source citation. |
| Financial resilience and health | Public-health literature on socioeconomic determinants of health and on cost-related care avoidance. | Pending detailed source citation. All figures are illustrative, not price data. |
| Sauna, cold exposure, screens | Limited or developing evidence; some practices are unsuitable with specific conditions. | Labelled optional or limited. Not part of core recommendations. |
| Swiss-specific guidance and legal compliance | Not yet reviewed against Swiss federal guidance or Swiss legal requirements. | Pending review. No compliance claim is made. |
Honest limitations
No content here has been reviewed by a clinician, and no clinical, regulatory or legal review has taken place. Where a source is marked pending, treat the statement as general orientation only. Guidance also differs between countries; check what applies where you live.